Integrating ergonomic concepts early in the design process should maximize the impact and cost effectiveness of ergonomic interventions during the design process. The goal of this document is to provide guidance on the practical application of ergonomic principles in order to avoid work-related injuries and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), increase productivity, and improve product quality. This document is directed towards technicians, engineers, designers, and safety and health practitioners who deal with general ergonomic issues related to machines. It is not intended to replace in-depth analysis by qualified and experienced ergonomists.

Table of Contents

FOREWORD
1 SCOPE AND PURPOSE
2 REFERENCES
3 DEFINITIONS
4 APPROACHES TO ERGONOMIC RISK ASSESSMENT AND REDUCTION
5 CATEGORIES OF ERGONOMIC RISK
5.1 MACHINE AND HUMAN INTERFACES
5.2 ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS
5.3 PHYSICAL FACTORS
5.4 COGNITIVE AND PERCEPTUAL FACTORS
5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
5.6 INTERACTIONS
6 PHYSICAL ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
6.1 ANTHROPOMETRY
6.2 BIOMECHANICAL (STRENGTH) REQUIREMENTS AND FORCEFUL EXERTIONS
6.3 TASK DESIGN
6.4 WORKSTATION DESIGN
6.5 MAINTAINANCE AND ACCESSIBILITY
7 COGNITIVE / PERCEPTUAL ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
7.1 CONTROL SELECTION
7.2 CONTROL CODING AND LABELING
7.3 CONTROL OPERATION DIRECTION
7.4 CONTROL ORGANIZATION
7.5 INFORMATION DISPLAYS
7.6 DISPLAY LOCATION
7.7 DISPLAY CHARACTERISTICS
7.8 GENERAL DISPLAY GUIDANCE
8 ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
8.1 ILLUMINATION
8.2 TEMPERATURE
8.3 VIBRATION
8.4 NOISE
9 TRAINING
9.1 EDUCATION
9.2 GENERAL GUIDANCE FOR TRAINING DESIGN
9.3 OPERATOR AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS AND MANUALS
ANNEX A – SELECTED ANTHROPOMETRIC BODY DIMENSIONS
ANNEX B – HORIZONTAL REACH AND GRASP DIMENSIONS
ANNEX C – LIFTING, LOWERING, PUSHING, PULLING AND CARRYING GUIDELINES
ANNEX D – STANDING WORK TASK HEIGHT GUIDELINES
ANNEX E – PRESS PALM BUTTONS AND MACHINE CONTROLS
ANNEX F – TYPES OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDS) AND
ANNEX G – EXAMPLES OF ERGONOMIC CHECKLISTS
ANNEX H – ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT TOOLS

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