This American National Standard specifies safety requirements and preventive measures, and the means for their verification, for certain types and sizes of mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) Intended to position personnel, along with their necessary tools and materials, at work locations. It contains the structural design calculations and stability criteria, construction, safety examinations and tests that shall be applied before a MEWP is first put into service.
Table of Contents
1. Scope and Purpose
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose
1.3 Applicability
1.4 Exclusions
1.5 Measurement
2. Referenced and Related American National Standards and Related Publications
2.1 Referenced American National Standards
2.2 Other Referenced Documents
3. Definitions
4. Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures
4.1 Compliance
4.2 Structural and Stability Calculations
4.2.1 Calculations and Rated Load
4.2.2 Loads and Forces Acting on MEWP Structure
4.2.2.1 General
4.2.2.2. Forces Created by Rated Load and Structural Masses
4.2.2.3 Load Distribution on Work Platform
4.2.2.4 Wind Forces
4.2.2.4.1 Outdoor MEWPs
4.2.2.4.2 Shape Factors Applied to Surfaces Exposed to Wind
4.2.2.4.3 Surface Area of Persons on a Work Platform Exposed to Wind
4.2.2.4.4 Tools and Equipment on Work Platform Exposed to Wind
4.2.2.5 Manual Forces
4.2.2.6 Special Loads and Forces
4.2.3 Stability Calculations
4.2.3.1 Forces Created by Structural Masses and Rated Load
4.2.3.2 Wind Forces
4.2.3.3 Manual Forces
4.2.3.4 Special Loads and Forces
4.2.3.5 Calculation of Overturning and Stabilizing Moments
4.2.4 Structural Calculations
4.2.4.1 General
4.2.4.2 Analysis
4.2.4.2.1 General Stress Analysis
4.2.4.2.2 Elastic Stability Analysis
4.2.4.2.3 Fatigue-Stress Analysis
4.2.4.2.4 Effects of Stress Concentration and Ambient Temperature
4.2.5 Verification
4.3 Chassis and Stabilizing Devices
4.3.1 Automatic Safety Device
4.3.2 Chassis Inclination
4.3.3 Locking Pins
4.3.4 Control Bars
4.3.5 Control Bars Held in Vertical Position
4.3.6 Stabilizing Device Feet
4.3.7 Permitted Work Platform Positions
4.3.8 Prevention of Powered Stabilizing Device Movement
4.3.9 Manually Operated Stabilizing Devices
4.3.10 Movement of Stabilizing Devices
4.3.11 Hourmeter
4.3.12 Control Positions
4.3.13 Totally Manually Operated MEWPs
4.3.14 Oscillating Axle Lock or Control Systems
4.3.15 Self-Propelled MEWP Brakes
4.3.16 Unauthorized Use
4.3.17 Maximum Travel Speeds in Elevated Travel Position
4.3.18 Stopping Distances
4.3.19 Maximum Travel Speed of Pedestrian-Controlled MEWPs
4.3.20 Engine Exhaust
4.3.21 Filling Points for Fluids
4.3.22 Battery Constraint
4.3.23 Derailment and Run-Away Prevention
4.3.23.1 General
4.3.23.2 Proof Against Derailment
4.3.23.3 Load Cases for Prevention of Derailment During Moving
4.3.23.4 Limiting Use of MEWPs Due to Derailment Requirements
4.3.23.5 Prevention of Run-Away — Placement and Removal from Rails
4.4 Extending Structure
4.4.1 Methods to Avoid Overturning and Exceeding Permissible Stresses
4.4.1.1 General
4.4.1.2 Load-Sensing System
4.4.1.3 Position Control
4.4.1.3.1 General
4.4.1.3.2 Mechanical Limiting Devices
4.4.1.3.3 Non-Mechanical Limiting Devices
4.4.1.4 Moment-Sensing System
4.4.1.5 Criteria for Enhanced Stability for Limited Work Platform Dimensions
4.4.1.6 Criteria for Enhanced Overload for Limited Work Platform Dimensions
4.4.1.7 Variable Working Envelope with More Than One Rated Load
4.4.1.8 Variable Working Envelope with One Rated Load
4.4.1.9 Verification
4.4.2 Sequencing of Extending Structure
4.4.3 Trapping and Shearing
4.4.4 Supporting Extending Structure for Routine Maintenance
4.4.5 Speeds of Extending Structure
4.5 Extending Structure Drive Systems
4.5.1 General
4.5.1.1 Unintended Motion
4.5.1.2 Protection of Extending Structure from Power Sources
4.5.1.3 Failure of Transmission Chain or Belt
4.5.1.4 Kick-Back of Handles
4.5.1.5 Powered and Manual Drive Systems for the Same Function
4.5.1.6 Braking System for All Drives
4.5.2 Wire-Rope Drive Systems
4.5.2.1 Wire-Rope Drive System Safety
4.5.2.1.1 General
4.5.2.1.2 Mechanical Safety Device
4.5.2.1.3 Additional Wire-Rope Drive System
4.5.2.2 Load-Carrying Wire Ropes
4.5.2.3 System of Multiple Wire Ropes
4.5.2.4 Re-tensioning Wire Ropes
4.5.2.5 Terminations of Wire Ropes
4.5.2.6 Visual Examination of Wire Rope Terminations
4.5.2.7 Safety Device for MEWP Work Platforms Raised and Lowered by Wire Ropes
4.5.2.8 Rope Drum Grooves and Prevention of Rope Leaving the Ends of the Drum
4.5.2.9 Layers of Rope
4.5.2.10 Turns of Rope
4.5.2.11 Fastening Rope to Drum
4.5.2.12 Unintentional Displacement of Rope
4.5.2.13 Drum and Sheave Grooves
4.5.3 Chain Drive Systems
4.5.3.1 Limit of Vertical Movement in Case of Failure
4.5.3.1.1 General
4.5.3.1.2 Single-Chain Drive Systems
4.5.3.1.3 Two-Chain Drive Systems
4.5.3.2 Multiple Chains Attached to a Point
4.5.3.3 Tensioning Chains
4.5.3.4 Strength of Junction Between Chain and Termination
4.5.3.5 Visual Examination of Chains and Terminations
4.5.3.6 Safety Device for MEWP Work Platforms Raised and Lowered by Chains
4.5.3.7 Unintentional Displacement of Chain
4.5.4 Lead-Screw Drive Systems
4.5.4.1 Lead-Screw and Nut Design Stress and Material
4.5.4.2 Separation of Lead Screw from Work Platform
4.5.4.3 Load-Bearing Nut and Safety Nut
4.5.4.4 Detection of Wear on Nuts
4.5.5 Rack and Pinion Drive Systems
4.5.5.1 Design Stress of Racks and Pinions
4.5.5.2 Safety Device and Over-Speed Governor
4.5.5.3 Device to Prevent Pinion Disengagement
4.5.5.4 Visual Examination of Pinions
4.6 Work Platform
4.6.1 Level of Work Platform
4.6.2 Work Platform Materials
4.6.3 Guardrail (Protection) Systems
4.6.4 Anchorage(s)
4.6.5 Openings in Guardrails for Entrance and Exit
4.6.5.1 General
4.6.5.2 Special-Purpose Work Platforms
4.6.6 Floor of Work Platform
4.6.7 Chains or Ropes
4.6.8 Access Ladder
4.6.9 Handholds and Handrails
4.6.10 Trapdoors
4.6.11 Audible Warning Device
4.6.12 Means of Communication
4.6.13 Mechanical Stops
4.6.14 Work Platforms Constructed from Non-Conductive Materials
4.7 Controls
4.7.1 Activation and Operation
4.7.2 Direction of Movement
4.7.3 Location, Accessibility, Protection and Selection among Duplicate Controls
4.7.4 Emergency Stops
4.7.5 Electrical Switches
4.7.6 Pilot and Solenoid Valves
4.7.7 Restoration of Power after Failure
4.7.8 Overriding Emergency System
4.7.9 Speed Restriction
4.7.10 Automatic or Programmed Operation
4.8 Electrical Equipment
4.8.1 Relevant Norms and Standards
4.8.2 Main Power Disconnect/Security
4.8.3 Cables
4.8.4 Battery Protection
4.8.5 Ingress of Water
4.8.6 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
4.9 Hydraulic Systems
4.9.1 Pressure-Limiting Device
4.9.2 Strength of Pipes and Connections
4.9.3 Bursting Strength of Hoses and Fittings
4.9.4 Pressure Rating of Other Components
4.9.5 Gauge Connections
4.9.6 Venting of Air
4.9.7 Inlet Filter
4.9.8 Fluid Level Indicators
4.9.9 Fluid Cleanliness
4.9.10 Gas-Loaded Accumulators
4.10 Hydraulic Cylinders
4.10.1 Structural Design
4.10.1.1 General
4.10.1.2 Normal Operating Conditions
4.10.1.2.1 Buckling
4.10.1.2.2 Constructional Details
4.10.1.2.3 Conditions Causing Pressure above Pressure-Limiting Device Pressures
4.10.1.3 Failure Conditions
4.10.1.3.1 Oil Leaking Past Piston Seals
4.10.1.3.2 Several Cylinders Operating the Same Mechanism
4.10.2 Prevention of Unintended Movement of Load-Holding Cylinders
4.10.3 Verification
4.11 Safety Devices
5. Verification of the Safety Requirements and/or Measures
5.1 Examinations and Tests
5.1.1 General
5.1.2 Design Check
5.1.3 Manufacturing Check
5.1.4 Tests
5.1.4.1 Dynamic Fall Arrest Anchorage Test
5.1.4.2 Stability Tests
5.1.4.2.1 Static Tests
5.1.4.2.2 Dynamic Tests on Types 2 and 3 MEWPs
5.1.4.2.2.1 General
5.1.4.2.2.2 Curb and Depression Tests
5.1.4.2.2.3 Braking Tests
5.1.4.3 Overload Test
5.1.4.4 Functional Tests
5.1.4.5 Underbridge MEWP Overload and Stability Tests
5.2 Type Tests
5.3 Production MEWP Tests
6. Information for Use
6.1 General
6.2 Operator’s Manual
6.2.1 Content
6.2.2 Modifications
6.3 Parts and Service Manuals
6.4 Marking
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Manufacturer's Plate
6.4.3 Work Platform
6.4.4 Multiple Rated Loads
6.4.5 Emergency Systems
6.4.6 Work Platform Rated Loads
6.4.7 MEWPs Designed for Indoor Use Only
6.4.8 External Power Supply Connections
6.4.9 Detachable Parts
6.4.10 Instructions
6.4.11 Projecting Extremities
6.4.12 Wheel/Stabilizing Device Load
6.4.13 Tire Pressure
6.4.14 Maintenance
6.4.15 Stabilizing Device Use
6.4.16 Pressurized Vessel
6.4.17 Annual Inspection
Appendixes (Informative)
Appendix A
Calculation of Wire Rope Drive Systems
Appendix B
Calculation Example — Wire Rope Drive Systems
Appendix C
Curb Test Calculations
Appendix D
Additional Requirements for Wireless Controls and Control Systems
Appendix F
MEWP Classifications
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